{"id":12818,"date":"2025-05-12T09:21:29","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T09:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/?p=12818"},"modified":"2025-05-22T10:49:13","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T10:49:13","slug":"how-to-declare-consumer-bankruptcy-for-the-second-time-regulations-and-court-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/how-to-declare-consumer-bankruptcy-for-the-second-time-regulations-and-court-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"How to declare consumer bankruptcy for the second time? Regulations and court practice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consumer bankruptcy is an important tool for individuals<a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/how-we-can-help-you\/\" title=\"\"> not running a business activity<\/a>, who have found themselves in a difficult financial situation. The purpose of this mechanism is to enable debtors to start a new life without financial burdens, by writing off some or all of their debts. However, in practice, the question arises: is it possible for the same person to declare consumer bankruptcy again? The answer to this question requires an analysis of the current provisions of bankruptcy law and court decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contents:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a href=\"#aioseo-kilka-slow-o-artykule-posluchaj\">A few words about the article - Listen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-podstawy-prawne-upadlosci-konsumenckiej\">Legal Basis for Consumer Bankruptcy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-mozliwosc-ponownego-ogloszenia-upadlosci-konsumenckiej\">Possibility of re-declaring consumer bankruptcy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-przeslanki-ogloszenia-upadlosci\">Grounds for declaring bankruptcy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-przeslanki-negatywne\">Negative premises<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-praktyczne-aspekty-ponownego-ogloszenia-upadlosci\">Practical aspects of re-declaring bankruptcy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-okres-karencji\">Grace period<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-wzgledy-slusznosci-i-humanitaryzmu\">Considerations of equity and humanity<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-wplyw-wczesniejszego-postepowania-na-ponowny-wniosek\">Impact of prior proceedings on renewed application<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-odmowa-ustalenia-planu-splaty-wierzycieli-analiza-art-49114a-prawa-upadlosciowego\">Refusal to establish a creditor repayment plan \u2013 analysis of Article 49114a of the Bankruptcy Law<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-przeslanki-odmowy-ustalenia-planu-splaty\">Grounds for refusing to establish a repayment plan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-skutki-odmowy-ustalenia-planu-splaty\">Consequences of refusing to establish a repayment plan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-znaczenie-art-49114a-dla-ponownego-ogloszenia-upadlosci\">The Importance of Article 49114a for Re-Declaration of Bankruptcy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-wnioski\">Conclusions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"aioseo-kilka-slow-o-artykule-posluchaj\">A few words about the article - Listen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ak-oglosic-upadlosc-konsumencka-drugi-raz.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-podstawy-prawne-upadlosci-konsumenckiej\">Legal Basis for Consumer Bankruptcy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/consumer-bankruptcy\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/02-upadlosc-konsumencka.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11821\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/02-upadlosc-konsumencka.jpg 775w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/02-upadlosc-konsumencka-300x72.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/02-upadlosc-konsumencka-768x183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/02-upadlosc-konsumencka-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consumer bankruptcy was introduced into the Polish legal system by the Act of 5 December 2008 amending the Bankruptcy and Restructuring Law and certain other acts. Since then, the provisions concerning <a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/consumer-bankruptcy-where-to-start\/\" title=\"\">consumer bankruptcy <\/a>have been amended several times in order to simplify the procedure and increase the availability of this solution for debtors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently, the basic legal act regulating consumer bankruptcy is the Act of 28 February 2003 - Bankruptcy Law (Journal of Laws of 2022, item 1520, as amended). According to art. 491\u00b9 of the Act, consumer bankruptcy applies to natural persons who do not conduct business activity and who have become insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-mozliwosc-ponownego-ogloszenia-upadlosci-konsumenckiej\">Possibility of re-declaring consumer bankruptcy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the applicable regulations, there are no formal obstacles for a person who has already declared consumer bankruptcy,<a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/does-the-consumer-bankruptcy-petition-have-to-be-on-the-form\/\" title=\"\"> submitted an application for<\/a> re-declaration of bankruptcy. However, this possibility is limited by certain conditions and circumstances that the court takes into account when considering such a motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-przeslanki-ogloszenia-upadlosci\">Grounds for declaring bankruptcy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12238\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja.jpg 775w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja-300x72.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja-768x183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In order for the court to declare consumer bankruptcy, the following conditions must be met:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Debtor&#039;s insolvency<\/strong>: According to Article 11 paragraph 1 of the Bankruptcy Law, a debtor is insolvent if he fails to meet his due pecuniary obligations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consumer status<\/strong>: The debtor must be a natural person not conducting business activity at the time of submitting the application.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If these conditions are met, the court declares consumer bankruptcy, unless there are negative conditions specified in the Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-przeslanki-negatywne\">Negative premises<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bankruptcy law provides for situations in which the court may dismiss a bankruptcy petition despite the positive conditions being met. Such conditions include, among others:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Debtor&#039;s action with the intention of harming creditors<\/strong>: If the debtor has intentionally caused his insolvency or increased its degree, the court may<a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/what-if-the-court-rejects-the-application-for-consumer-bankruptcy\/\" title=\"\"> dismiss the application.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Improper conduct in previous bankruptcy proceedings<\/strong>: If, within the last 10 years prior to filing the application, the debtor had already been declared bankrupt and his conduct in that proceeding was improper (e.g. he did not cooperate with the trustee, hid assets), the court may dismiss the new application.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is worth noting that the amendment to the Bankruptcy Law of March 24, 2020 abolished some negative premises, which made it easier to access consumer bankruptcy. However, the court still has the option to refuse to declare bankruptcy if it finds that the debtor has abused the law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/bankruptcy-declaration-what-how-and-when-to-do\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Posty-na-strone-7-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12823\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Posty-na-strone-7-1.png 827w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Posty-na-strone-7-1-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Posty-na-strone-7-1-768x329.png 768w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Posty-na-strone-7-1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-praktyczne-aspekty-ponownego-ogloszenia-upadlosci\">Practical aspects of re-declaring bankruptcy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In practice, re-declaring consumer bankruptcy is possible, but requires a thorough analysis of the debtor&#039;s situation and the history of their previous bankruptcy proceedings. The court will examine whether the debtor is not abusing the institution of bankruptcy and whether their conduct in the previous proceedings was in accordance with the law and the principles of social coexistence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-okres-karencji\">Grace period<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the law does not specify a specific period that must elapse between the end of the previous bankruptcy proceedings and the filing of a new application, in practice courts may take into account whether sufficient time has elapsed since the previous proceedings to consider that the debtor is again in a state of insolvency. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/how-can-i-get-rid-of-debts-2\/\" title=\"\">difficult financial situation<\/a> regardless of his will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-wzgledy-slusznosci-i-humanitaryzmu\">Considerations of equity and humanity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In exceptional cases, the court may take into account the considerations of fairness and humanity when considering the application for re-declaration of bankruptcy. For example, if the debtor has become insolvent again due to circumstances beyond his will, such as serious illness, loss of job or other accidental events, the court may take these factors into account. In such cases, despite the previous declaration of bankruptcy, the court may find that re-declaration of bankruptcy is justified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-wplyw-wczesniejszego-postepowania-na-ponowny-wniosek\">Impact of prior proceedings on renewed application<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/economic-bankruptcy\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11827\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza.jpg 775w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza-300x72.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza-768x183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the law does not prohibit a re-filing for personal bankruptcy, previous proceedings may affect the court&#039;s decision. If the debtor failed to cooperate with the trustee in the previous proceedings, hid assets or otherwise abused the institution of bankruptcy, the court may be more skeptical of the new application. On the other hand, if the debtor has been faithfully implementing the repayment plan and his insolvency is due to new circumstances beyond his control, <a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/comprehensive-bankruptcy-advice\/\" title=\"\">the court may grant a renewed application.<\/a> \u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-odmowa-ustalenia-planu-splaty-wierzycieli-analiza-art-49114a-prawa-upadlosciowego\">Refusal to establish a creditor repayment plan \u2013 analysis of Article 491<sup>14a <\/sup>Bankruptcy law<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the context of the renewed declaration of consumer bankruptcy, Article 491 is of great importance.<sup>14a<\/sup> Bankruptcy Law, which provides for the possibility of refusing to establish a repayment plan for creditors or to write off the debt of the bankrupt without <a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/consumer-bankruptcy-information\/\" title=\"\">establishing such a plan.<\/a> This provision is a safeguard mechanism designed to prevent the abuse of bankruptcy by debtors acting in bad faith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-przeslanki-odmowy-ustalenia-planu-splaty\">Grounds for refusing to establish a repayment plan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In accordance with Article 491<sup>14a<\/sup> section 1 of the Bankruptcy Law, the court shall issue a decision refusing to establish a creditor repayment plan or to cancel the bankrupt&#039;s liabilities without establishing a creditor repayment plan if:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The bankrupt has led to his insolvency or significantly increased its degree intentionally, in particular by squandering part of the assets and intentionally failing to settle due liabilities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the period of ten years prior to the date of filing a bankruptcy petition, bankruptcy proceedings were conducted against the bankrupt in which all or part of his liabilities were written off.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is worth noting that the court may refrain from refusing to establish a repayment plan if it is justified by equity or humanitarian considerations. This means that even if the above conditions are met, the court has the possibility to take into account the individual situation of the debtor and make a decision that is favorable to him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-skutki-odmowy-ustalenia-planu-splaty\">Consequences of refusing to establish a repayment plan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Refusal to establish a creditor repayment plan means that the bankruptcy proceedings end without granting the bankrupt debt relief. In practice, this means that the debtor is left with unpaid liabilities that are not <a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/consumer-bankruptcy-consequences\/\" title=\"\">were discontinued during the proceedings<\/a>. Such a situation can lead to further financial problems and make it difficult for the debtor to return to normal functioning in society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-znaczenie-art-49114a-dla-ponownego-ogloszenia-upadlosci\">Meaning of Article 491<sup>14a<\/sup> for re-declaration of bankruptcy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/mediation\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/03-mediacja.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12448\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/03-mediacja.jpg 775w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/03-mediacja-300x72.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/03-mediacja-768x183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/03-mediacja-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the context of the renewed declaration of consumer bankruptcy, Article 491<sup>14a <\/sup>acts as a filter, which aims to eliminate cases of abuse of the institution of bankruptcy. Debtors who have used consumer bankruptcy in the past and had their debts discharged must take into account the possibility of refusing to establish a repayment plan in the event of a new proceeding, if ten years have not passed since the previous debt discharge. In addition, deliberate insolvency may result in a refusal to grant debt discharge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the other hand, this provision gives the court the possibility to take into account special circumstances and grant debt relief despite the fulfilment of the grounds for refusal, if there are reasons of equity or humanity in favour of it. Thanks to this, it is possible to approach each case individually and take into account the life situation of the debtor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-wnioski\">Conclusions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In summary, Polish bankruptcy law allows for the possibility of re-declaring consumer bankruptcy. However, the circumstances that led to the repeated insolvency and the debtor&#039;s conduct in the previous bankruptcy proceedings are of key importance. The court analyses the debtor&#039;s individual situation each time, taking into account both formal requirements and considerations of fairness and humanity. Therefore, before filing a new application for consumer bankruptcy,<a href=\"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/contact\/\" title=\"\"> it is worth consulting <\/a>a lawyer specializing in bankruptcy law to assess the chances of a positive outcome of the case<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumencka stanowi istotne narz\u0119dzie dla os\u00f3b fizycznych nieprowadz\u0105cych dzia\u0142alno\u015bci gospodarczej, kt\u00f3re znalaz\u0142y si\u0119 w trudnej sytuacji finansowej. Celem tego mechanizmu jest umo\u017cliwienie d\u0142u\u017cnikom rozpocz\u0119cia nowego \u017cycia bez obci\u0105\u017ce\u0144 finansowych, poprzez umorzenie cz\u0119\u015bci lub ca\u0142o\u015bci d\u0142ug\u00f3w. Jednak\u017ce, w praktyce pojawia si\u0119 pytanie: czy mo\u017cliwe jest ponowne og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej przez t\u0119 sam\u0105 osob\u0119? Odpowied\u017a na to pytanie wymaga analizy aktualnych przepis\u00f3w prawa upad\u0142o\u015bciowego oraz orzecznictwa s\u0105dowego. \u200b Spis Tre\u015bci: Kilka s\u0142\u00f3w o artykule- Pos\u0142uchaj Podstawy prawne upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej Upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumencka zosta\u0142a wprowadzona do polskiego systemu prawnego ustaw\u0105 z dnia 5 grudnia 2008 r. o zmianie ustawy \u2013 Prawo upad\u0142o\u015bciowe i naprawcze oraz niekt\u00f3rych innych ustaw. Od tego czasu przepisy dotycz\u0105ce upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej by\u0142y kilkakrotnie nowelizowane, w celu uproszczenia procedury i zwi\u0119kszenia dost\u0119pno\u015bci tego rozwi\u0105zania dla d\u0142u\u017cnik\u00f3w. \u200b Aktualnie, podstawowym aktem prawnym reguluj\u0105cym upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumenck\u0105 jest ustawa z dnia 28 lutego 2003 r. \u2013 Prawo upad\u0142o\u015bciowe (t.j. Dz.U. z 2022 r. poz. 1520, z p\u00f3\u017an. zm.). Zgodnie z art. 491\u00b9 ustawy, upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumencka dotyczy os\u00f3b fizycznych nieprowadz\u0105cych dzia\u0142alno\u015bci gospodarczej, kt\u00f3re sta\u0142y si\u0119 niewyp\u0142acalne. \u200b Mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 ponownego og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej Zgodnie z obowi\u0105zuj\u0105cymi przepisami, nie ma formalnych przeszk\u00f3d, aby osoba, kt\u00f3ra ju\u017c raz og\u0142osi\u0142a upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumenck\u0105, z\u0142o\u017cy\u0142a wniosek o ponowne og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci. Jednak\u017ce, mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 ta jest ograniczona przez pewne warunki i okoliczno\u015bci, kt\u00f3re s\u0105d bierze pod uwag\u0119 przy rozpatrywaniu takiego wniosku. \u200b Przes\u0142anki og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci Aby s\u0105d m\u00f3g\u0142 og\u0142osi\u0107 upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumenck\u0105, musz\u0105 zosta\u0107 spe\u0142nione nast\u0119puj\u0105ce przes\u0142anki: \u200b Je\u015bli te przes\u0142anki s\u0105 spe\u0142nione, s\u0105d og\u0142asza upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumenck\u0105, chyba \u017ce zachodz\u0105 przes\u0142anki negatywne okre\u015blone w ustawie. \u200b Przes\u0142anki negatywne Prawo upad\u0142o\u015bciowe przewiduje sytuacje, w kt\u00f3rych s\u0105d mo\u017ce oddali\u0107 wniosek o og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci, mimo spe\u0142nienia przes\u0142anek pozytywnych. Do takich przes\u0142anek nale\u017c\u0105 m.in.: \u200b Warto zauwa\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce nowelizacja Prawa upad\u0142o\u015bciowego z dnia 24 marca 2020 r. znios\u0142a niekt\u00f3re przes\u0142anki negatywne, co u\u0142atwi\u0142o dost\u0119p do upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej. Jednak\u017ce, s\u0105d nadal ma mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 odmowy og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci w przypadku stwierdzenia nadu\u017cycia prawa przez d\u0142u\u017cnika. Praktyczne aspekty ponownego og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci W praktyce, ponowne og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej jest mo\u017cliwe, ale wymaga dok\u0142adnej analizy sytuacji d\u0142u\u017cnika oraz historii jego wcze\u015bniejszego post\u0119powania upad\u0142o\u015bciowego. S\u0105d b\u0119dzie bada\u0142, czy d\u0142u\u017cnik nie nadu\u017cywa instytucji upad\u0142o\u015bci oraz czy jego zachowanie w poprzednim post\u0119powaniu by\u0142o zgodne z prawem i zasadami wsp\u00f3\u0142\u017cycia spo\u0142ecznego. \u200b Okres karencji Chocia\u017c przepisy nie okre\u015blaj\u0105 konkretnego okresu, jaki musi up\u0142yn\u0105\u0107 mi\u0119dzy zako\u0144czeniem poprzedniego post\u0119powania upad\u0142o\u015bciowego a z\u0142o\u017ceniem nowego wniosku, w praktyce s\u0105dy mog\u0105 bra\u0107 pod uwag\u0119, czy od poprzedniego post\u0119powania up\u0142yn\u0105\u0142 wystarczaj\u0105cy czas, aby uzna\u0107, \u017ce d\u0142u\u017cnik ponownie znalaz\u0142 si\u0119 w trudnej sytuacji finansowej niezale\u017cnie od swojej woli. Wzgl\u0119dy s\u0142uszno\u015bci i humanitaryzmu W sytuacjach wyj\u0105tkowych, s\u0105d mo\u017ce uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 wzgl\u0119dy s\u0142uszno\u015bci i humanitaryzmu przy rozpatrywaniu wniosku o ponowne og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci. Na przyk\u0142ad, je\u015bli d\u0142u\u017cnik ponownie popad\u0142 w niewyp\u0142acalno\u015b\u0107 z powodu okoliczno\u015bci niezale\u017cnych od jego woli, takich jak powa\u017cna choroba, utrata pracy czy inne zdarzenia losowe, s\u0105d mo\u017ce wzi\u0105\u0107 te czynniki pod uwag\u0119. W takich przypadkach, mimo wcze\u015bniejszego og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci, s\u0105d mo\u017ce uzna\u0107, \u017ce ponowne post\u0119powanie upad\u0142o\u015bciowe jest uzasadnione. \u200b Wp\u0142yw wcze\u015bniejszego post\u0119powania na ponowny wniosek Cho\u0107 prawo nie zabrania ponownego z\u0142o\u017cenia wniosku o upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumenck\u0105, wcze\u015bniejsze post\u0119powanie mo\u017ce mie\u0107 wp\u0142yw na decyzj\u0119 s\u0105du. Je\u015bli w poprzednim post\u0119powaniu d\u0142u\u017cnik nie wsp\u00f3\u0142pracowa\u0142 z syndykiem, ukrywa\u0142 maj\u0105tek lub w inny spos\u00f3b nadu\u017cywa\u0142 instytucji upad\u0142o\u015bci, s\u0105d mo\u017ce by\u0107 bardziej sceptyczny wobec nowego wniosku. Z drugiej strony, je\u015bli d\u0142u\u017cnik rzetelnie realizowa\u0142 plan sp\u0142aty i jego niewyp\u0142acalno\u015b\u0107 wynika z nowych, niezale\u017cnych od niego okoliczno\u015bci, s\u0105d mo\u017ce przychylnie rozpatrzy\u0107 ponowny wniosek. \u200b Odmowa ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty wierzycieli \u2013 analiza art. 49114a Prawa upad\u0142o\u015bciowego W kontek\u015bcie ponownego og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej, istotne znaczenie ma art. 49114a Prawa upad\u0142o\u015bciowego, kt\u00f3ry przewiduje mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 odmowy ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty wierzycieli lub umorzenia zobowi\u0105za\u0144 upad\u0142ego bez ustalenia takiego planu. Przepis ten stanowi mechanizm ochronny, maj\u0105cy na celu zapobie\u017cenie nadu\u017cywaniu instytucji upad\u0142o\u015bci przez d\u0142u\u017cnik\u00f3w dzia\u0142aj\u0105cych w z\u0142ej wierze. \u200b Przes\u0142anki odmowy ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty Zgodnie z art. 49114a ust. 1 Prawa upad\u0142o\u015bciowego, s\u0105d wydaje postanowienie o odmowie ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty wierzycieli lub umorzenia zobowi\u0105za\u0144 upad\u0142ego bez ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty wierzycieli, je\u017celi: \u200b Warto zaznaczy\u0107, \u017ce s\u0105d mo\u017ce odst\u0105pi\u0107 od odmowy ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty, je\u015bli przemawiaj\u0105 za tym wzgl\u0119dy s\u0142uszno\u015bci lub humanitarne. Oznacza to, \u017ce nawet w przypadku spe\u0142nienia powy\u017cszych przes\u0142anek, s\u0105d ma mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 uwzgl\u0119dnienia indywidualnej sytuacji d\u0142u\u017cnika i podj\u0119cia decyzji korzystnej dla niego. Skutki odmowy ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty Odmowa ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty wierzycieli oznacza, \u017ce post\u0119powanie upad\u0142o\u015bciowe ko\u0144czy si\u0119 bez przyznania upad\u0142emu odd\u0142u\u017cenia. W praktyce oznacza to, \u017ce d\u0142u\u017cnik pozostaje z niesp\u0142aconymi zobowi\u0105zaniami, kt\u00f3re nie zosta\u0142y umorzone w toku post\u0119powania. Taka sytuacja mo\u017ce prowadzi\u0107 do dalszych problem\u00f3w finansowych i utrudnia\u0107 d\u0142u\u017cnikowi powr\u00f3t do normalnego funkcjonowania w spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie. Znaczenie art. 49114a dla ponownego og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci W kontek\u015bcie ponownego og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej, art. 49114a pe\u0142ni rol\u0119 filtra, kt\u00f3ry ma na celu wyeliminowanie przypadk\u00f3w nadu\u017cywania instytucji upad\u0142o\u015bci. D\u0142u\u017cnicy, kt\u00f3rzy w przesz\u0142o\u015bci skorzystali z upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej i zostali odd\u0142u\u017ceni, musz\u0105 liczy\u0107 si\u0119 z mo\u017cliwo\u015bci\u0105 odmowy ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty w przypadku ponownego post\u0119powania, je\u015bli od poprzedniego odd\u0142u\u017cenia nie up\u0142yn\u0119\u0142o dziesi\u0119\u0107 lat. Ponadto, celowe doprowadzenie do niewyp\u0142acalno\u015bci mo\u017ce skutkowa\u0107 odmow\u0105 przyznania odd\u0142u\u017cenia Z drugiej strony, przepis ten daje s\u0105dowi mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 uwzgl\u0119dnienia szczeg\u00f3lnych okoliczno\u015bci i przyznania odd\u0142u\u017cenia mimo spe\u0142nienia przes\u0142anek odmowy, je\u015bli przemawiaj\u0105 za tym wzgl\u0119dy s\u0142uszno\u015bci lub humanitarne. Dzi\u0119ki temu mo\u017cliwe jest indywidualne podej\u015bcie do ka\u017cdej sprawy i uwzgl\u0119dnienie sytuacji \u017cyciowej d\u0142u\u017cnika. Wnioski Podsumowuj\u0105c, polskie prawo upad\u0142o\u015bciowe dopuszcza mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 ponownego og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej. Kluczowe znaczenie maj\u0105 jednak okoliczno\u015bci, kt\u00f3re doprowadzi\u0142y do ponownej niewyp\u0142acalno\u015bci oraz zachowanie d\u0142u\u017cnika w poprzednim post\u0119powaniu upad\u0142o\u015bciowym. S\u0105d ka\u017cdorazowo analizuje indywidualn\u0105 sytuacj\u0119 d\u0142u\u017cnika, bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119 zar\u00f3wno przes\u0142anki formalne, jak i wzgl\u0119dy s\u0142uszno\u015bci i humanitaryzmu. Dlatego te\u017c, przed z\u0142o\u017ceniem ponownego wniosku o upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumenck\u0105, warto skonsultowa\u0107 si\u0119 z prawnikiem specjalizuj\u0105cym si\u0119 w prawie upad\u0142o\u015bciowym, aby oceni\u0107 szanse na pozytywne rozpatrzenie sprawy<\/p>","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[34],"class_list":["post-12818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"authors":[{"term_id":34,"user_id":15,"is_guest":0,"slug":"d-anisimowiczpmr-restructuring-pl","display_name":"Daniel Anisimowicz","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/daniel-anisimowicz1-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/daniel-anisimowicz1-1.jpg"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12818"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12818\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12818"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=12818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}